Efeitos do treinamento de força com intensidade autosselecionada em paciente pós cirurgia bariátrica: um estudo de caso / Strenght training with self-selected intensity on a pacient post bariatric surgery

A prescrição de exercícios físicos em intensidades moderada e alta, para indivíduos obesos, pode induzir maiores percepções de desconforto/desprazer e, consequentemente, desencorajá-los a aderir a uma rotina de exercícios físicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento de força com intensidade autosselecionada, na composição corporal, hipertrofia e qualidade do sono de uma voluntária recémsubmetida a cirurgia bariátrica (idade: 28 anos; altura: 158cm; peso: 69 kg; índice de massa corporal: 27,64). A voluntária realizou um programa de treinamento de força com intensidade autosselecionada, pelo período de oito semanas (2 sessões semanais). Foi avaliada a qualidade de sono, por meio do questionário Pittsburgh sleep quality index; a composição corporal, por absorciometria de feixe duplo; e, a espessura muscular e do tecido adiposo, por ultrassonografia; antes e após a intervenção. Antes e após as sessões de treinamento, a percepção de prazer/desprazer foi mensurada com o auxílio de uma escala de valência afetiva. O programa de exercícios com intensidade autosselecionada resultou em uma diminuição de 2% no percentual de gordura, e de 7% na massa corporal total; sem modificação para a massa livre de gordura. Houve redução de 22% na espessura do tecido adiposo, e de 11% na espessura muscular do bíceps braquial; de 28% na espessura do tecido adiposo, e de 4% na espessura muscular do vasto lateral. A voluntária reportou percepção de prazer/desprazer positiva na maioria das sessões. No entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os resultados para qualidade de sono. O treinamento com intensidade autosselecionada promoveu respostas positivas, relacionadas à percepção de prazer/desprazer, além de favorecer uma tendência à perda significativa de massa corporal total, sem prejuízos para a massa magra.(AU)

The prescription of physical exercise in moderate and high intensities for obese individuals may induce greater perceptions of discomfort/displeasure, consequently, decline adherence to a physical exercise routine. The objective of this study was investigate the effects of a strength training program with self-selected intensity, body composition, hypertrophy and sleep quality of a participant recently bariatric surgery (age: 28 years; height: 158cm; weight: 69 kg; body mass index: 27.64). The participant performed a strength training program with self-selection intensity, for a period of eight weeks (2 weekly sessions). Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire; body composition, by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, muscle and adipose tissue thickness by ultrasound. Each measure was before and after the intervention. Before and after the training sessions, the perception of pleasure/displeasure was measured with the affective valence scale. The exercise program with self-selected intensity resulted in a 2% decrease in fat percentage, and 7% in total body mass; without modification to the fat-free mass. Yet, there was a reduction of 22% in the thickness of adipose tissue, and 11% in the muscle thickness of the brachial biceps; 28% in the thickness of adipose tissue, and 4% in the muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis. The participant reported a perception of positive pleasure in most sessions. However, there was no significant difference between the results for sleep quality. The training with self-selected intensity promoted positive responses, related to the perception of pleasure/displeasure, besides promote a tendency to significant loss of total body mass, without damage to lean mass. (AU)

Treinamento de resistência para hipertrofia muscular em idosos / Resistance training for muscular hypertrophy in elderly

Objetivo: Buscar sistematicamente na literatura evidências de hipertrofia muscular em pessoas idosas por meio do treinamento de resistência. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura levando em consideração os preceitos do PRISMA. Consultaram-se os bancos de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Pedro nos idiomas português e inglês, por meio dos descritores: idoso, envelhecimento, ganho de massa muscular e hipertrofia muscular. Resultados: Não ocorreram estudos na plataforma Scielo, e após filtro com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão obtiveram-se 24 estudos. Os estudos demonstram que é possível melhorar a massa muscular em treinamento de resistência em idosos, uma vez que os exercícios apresentem a dose correta: intensidade, volume, carga apropriada, utilizando uma investigação sensível. Conclusão: Sugere-se que para hipertrofia muscular em idosos, os protocolos de treinamento resistidos tenham em média 12 semanas de treinamento, com frequência de duas a três vezes por semana, que apresentem cinco exercícios realizados em três séries de oito a 12 repetições e cargas superiores a 60% 1RM para que ocorra a hipertrofia muscular. (AU)

Objective: To systematically seek evidence in the literature for muscular hypertrophy in older people through resistance training. Methods: This is a systematic review of literature taking into account the precepts of PRISMA. The Pubmed, Scielo and Pedro databases were consulted in the Portuguese and English languages, using the descriptors: elderly, aging, muscle mass gain and muscle hypertrophy. Results: There were no studies in the Scielo platform, after filtering based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 studies were obtained. It show that is possible to improve muscle mass in endurance training in the elderly, once the exercises present the correct dose: intensity, volume, appropriate load, using a sensitive investigation. Conclusion: It is suggested that for muscular hypertrophy in the elderly, the resistance training protocols have, on average, 12 weeks of training, two to three times a week, with five exercises performed in three sets of eight to 12 repetitions and higher loads to 60% 1RM for muscle hypertrophy to occur. (AU)

Low Intensity Resistance Exercise Training with Blood Flow Restriction: Insight into Cardiovascular Function, and Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Humans

Attenuated functional exercise capacity in elderly and diseased populations is a common problem, and stems primarily from physical inactivity. Decreased function and exercise capacity can be restored by maintaining muscular strength and mass, which are key factors in an independent and healthy life. Resistance exercise has been used to prevent muscle loss and improve muscular strength and mass. However, the intensities necessary for traditional resistance training to increase muscular strength and mass may be contraindicated for some at risk populations, such as diseased populations and the elderly. Therefore, an alternative exercise modality is required. Recently, blood flow restriction (BFR) with low intensity resistance exercise (LIRE) has been used for such special populations to improve their function and exercise capacity. Although BFR+LIRE has been intensively studied for a decade, a comprehensive review detailing the effects of BFR+LIRE on both skeletal muscle and vascular function is not available. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss previous studies documenting the effects of BFR+LIRE on hormonal and transcriptional factors in muscle hypertrophy and vascular function, including changes in hemodynamics, and endothelial function.

Profundidad del músculo masetero medido mediante ultrasonido, según índice facial en relación al sexo / Masseter muscle deep measured by ultrasound per facial index related to sex

Para establecer las dimensiones en profundidad del músculo masetero según índice facial en relación al sexo, se realizó un estudio analítico no experimental entre pacientes seleccionados que acudieron al servicio de imagenología del hospital base de Linares, Chile. La muestra quedó determinada por 180 músculos maseteros, 90 de mujeres y 90 de hombres. Se clasificaron según su índice facial en euriprosopos, leptoprosopos y mesoprosopos quedando la muestra conformada por 60 músculos de individuos euriprosopos, mesoprosopos y leptoprosopos, respectivamente. Se realizó la medición de la profundidad de cada uno de los músculos maseteros utilizando para ello un examen imagenológico ecográfico. La muestra se sometió al análisis estadístico ANOVA. La profundidad del músculo masetero varió dependiendo del índice facial y en ambos sexos (p <0,05). Los individuos euriprosopos presentaron músculos maseteros con profundidades promedio de 11,5+/-2,08 mm para el sexo masculino y de 8,8+/-1,4 mm para el sexo femenino. Los individuos mesoprosopos presentaron profundidades de 11,4+/-1,6 mm para el sexo masculino y 7,8+/-1,6 mm para el sexo femenino. Mientras que los individuos leptoprosopos presentaron profundidades promedio para el sexo masculino de 10,08+/-1,2 mm y 7,7+/-1,4 mm para los individuos de sexo femenino. La profundidad del músculo masetero varia dependiendo del índice facial en relación al sexo. Esta diferencia se encuentra entre el grupo de los individuos leptoprosopos y el grupo de los euriprosopos (p< 0,005). Se concluye que el índice facial de los individuos debe ser considerado en el diagnóstico de alteraciones de tamaño de la musculatura masticatoria...

To establish the dimensions of the masseter muscle deep as a facial index in relation to gender, an analytical study was conducted among patients who were attended at the imaging service Linares Hospital, Chile. The sample was 180 masseter muscles, 90 of them belonging to female individuals and 90 individuals belonging to male subjects. The subjects were classified according to facial index in euryprosopous, mesoprosopous and leptoprosopous. Each group was composed of 60 muscles. The depth of each masseter muscles was performing using an ultrasound-imaging test. The sample was subjected to ANOVA statistical analysis. The depth of masseter muscles varied depending facial index in both sexes (p <0.05). Euryprosopous individuals showed an average of 11.5+/-2.08 mm for male and 8.8+/-1.4 mm for female. Mesoprosopous individuals showed an average of 11.4+/-1.6 mm. for male and 7.8+/-1.6 mm for female. Leptoprosopous individuals showed an average of 10.08+/-1.2 mm for male and 7.7+/-1.4 mm. for female. The depth of the masseter muscle varies depending of facial index on both sexes. The difference is significant between muscles of leptoprosopous and euryprosopous subjects (p <0.005). It was concluded that the facial index of individuals should be considered in the diagnosis of altered masticatory muscle size...

Dimensiones del músculo masetero medido mediante ultrasonido, según sexo / Masseter muscle dimensions measured by ultrasound per sex

Introducción: para establecer las dimensiones en profundidad, ancho y largo del músculo masetero según sexo, se realizó un estudio analítico no experimental entre pacientes seleccionados que acudieron al servicio de ecografía del Hospital Base de Linares, Chile entre los meses de julio y septiembre del año 2005. Métodos: la muestra quedó determinada por 180 músculos maseteros, 90 de ellos pertenecientes a individuos de sexo femenino y 90 pertenecientes a individuos de sexo masculino. Se realizaron las mediciones de cada una de las dimensiones del músculo masetero utilizando para ello un examen imaginológico ecográfico. La muestra se sometió al análisis estadístico ANOVA. Resultados: los individuos de sexo masculino presentan músculos maseteros con profundidades promedio de 10,8 ± 1,6 mm y los individuos de sexo femenino profundidades promedio de 8,1 ± 1,4 mm. Conclusión: de acuerdo con lo encontrado, se concluye que en individuos de sexo masculino con una profundidad del músculo masetero mayor a 12,4 mm y en individuos de sexo femenino con una profundidad del músculo masetero mayor a 9,5 mm se podrían considerar el diagnóstico de hipertrofia maseterina.

Introduction: in order to establish the dimensions in depth, width and length of the masseter muscle according to gender, a non analytical experimental observational study was performed on selected patients who attended the echography service at the Base Hospital of Linares-Chile between July and September 2005. Methods: the sample consisted of 180 masseter muscles, 90 from female individuals and 90 from male individuals. Measurements of each masseter muscle were performed utilizing an echographic exam. ANOVA test statistical analysis was performed. Results: the masseter muscle depth on male individuals has an averaged 10.8 ± 1.6 mm and on female individuals an average depth of 8.1 ± 1.4 mm. Conclusion: according to the findings, we concluded that in male individuals with a depth of the masseter muscle higher to 12.4 mm and in female individuals with a depth of masseter higher to 9.5 mm could be considered a diagnosis of masseteric hypertrophy.

Hypothyroid Myopathy in Adults: 19 Cases Report / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To study the characteristics of hypothyroid myopathy in adults. Methods The clinical, biochemical, electromyographic, and pathologic characteristics of 19 patients with hypothyroid myopathy were analysed retrospectively. Results Proximal muscle weakness and elevation of muscle enzymes were the most common features. Other common clinical manifestations were myalgia, cramps, pseudomyotonia or stiffness after exercise. Muscular weakness with pseudohypertrophy was presented in some patients. Myoedema of temporal muscle was elicited by chewing continually. Hypothyroidism may be related to the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Patients treated with levothyroxine achieved satisfactory outcomes. Hypothyroid myopathy is different from polymyositis in many aspects. Conclusion All patients presenting muscular weakness or elevation of muscle enzymes should be studied with their function of thyroid in order to avoid misdiagnosis.